Before the discovery of oil in 1958, the mainstay of the local economy was fishing and farming but all that. Though vastly different in character, two ongoing conflicts in nigeria, the boko haram insurgency and the niger delta conflict, can both be considered responses to. This paper attempts to define conflict and conflict resolution, trace the origin of conflicts in the region and the efforts made so far to ameliorate the situation. Public library intervention in conflict resolutions in the.
It is situated north of the gulf of guinea, and borders benin, niger, chad and cameroon. May 28, 2014 the akassa development foundation adf is a communityled development intervention in the niger delta that manages a package of initiatives for the 3,000 households 18,000 community members in. There is an urgent need to explain why the pap was not able to lead to sustain. The long years of abandoncoupled with the ment, environmental degradation, inconsiderateness of successive governments and exploitation by the oil companies, produced. The niger delta region is richly endowed with natural resources with oil and gas accounting for over 85% of the national gross domestic product gdp, over 95% of the national budget and over 80% of the national. Fatalities heatmap of lethal violence in the niger delta heatmap shows concentration of conflict fatalities reported from januarydecember 2017 in the niger delta. Also ascertained was the justification of the crises condition of the people of the niger delta as a result of idleness and poverty amidst the oil wealth. Sustainable agricultural production in degraded oil producing. Cultural heritage preservation and transmission by the public library is a veritable means of unity, peace and conflict resolution among the three ethnic groups of the niger delta.
Collective violence and attitudes of women toward intimate. The niger delta region of nigeria has been undergoing collective violence for over 25 years, which has constituted a major public health problem. Pdf causes of conflicts in the niger delta region of. Emphasis is placed on dialogue rather than violence. Ethnic and political unrest continued throughout the 1990s despite the return to democracy and the election of the obasanjo government in 1999. Counterinsurgency and counterterrorism strategies towards the niger delta and boko haram conflicts by michael okwuchi nwankpa, ba, ma a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of phd. Mar 10, 2015 this paper discusses the interface between violence in the niger delta, global energy security and amnesty granted to armed groups by the nigerian government. Counterinsurgency and counterterrorism strategies towards the niger delta and boko haram conflicts by michael okwuchi nwankpa, ba, ma a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of phd department of social sciences university of roehampton 2017. The location of the conflict is the niger delta region of nigeria that hosts the bulk of the countrys oil and gas resources. It was found that a conflict economy comprising an intensive and violent struggle for resource opportunities, inter and intra communalethnic conflicts over resources and the theft and trading in refined and crude oil has blossomed since the 1990s.
Apr 04, 2010 facebook page opens in new window twitter page opens in new window linkedin page opens in new window instagram page opens in new window youtube page opens in new window. Pdf conflict in the world has come to be accepted as a part of human growth and development. Since colonial times, control of warri has been the principal casus belli in a lingering conflict among the three ethnic groups itsekiri, ijaw and urhobo. Adobe acrobat reader dc software is the free global standard for reliably viewing, printing, and commenting on pdf documents. The conflict landscape remained largely unchanged in the first quarter of 2018, compared to the fourth quarter of 2017. The niger delta region is one of the worlds largest wetlands, and the largest in africa. The current conflict in the niger delta first arose in the early 1990s over tensions between foreign oil corporations and a number of the niger delta s minority ethnic groups who feel they are being exploited, particularly the ogoni and the ijaw. Pdf file or convert a pdf file to docx, jpg, or other file format. While previous studies on the niger delta hinged on environment, economic. The niger delta covers nine out of 36 states and 185 out of 774 local government areas of the nigerian federation.
Since its inauguration, the nddc has focused on the development of social and physical infrastructures, ecologicalenvironmental remediation and human. Interest divergence and power relations within the world. Building upon the stakeholders theory, the theory of frustration and aggression, and conflict theory, this study discovered that the cause of the conflict in the niger delta is not solely an issue of corporate social responsibility and revenue allocation, but it largely depends on the divergences of the different stakeholders interests. And now, its connected to the adobe document cloud. According to data see map below, insurgency and counterinsurgent violence caused over 100 fatalities in imo state between 2016 and 2020. Download figurative sculptures of the niger river delta book. The 2003 nigeria demographic and health survey was used. Discover how you can force your visitors web browser to download pdf files instead of opening them in the browser.
Since then it has been substantially revised and updated by the authors for a wider audience concerned with the future peace and development of nigerias niger delta region. In safari, when i click download pdf on somebodys instructable, it first looks like its going to download, but nothing really happens. Were terribly sorry about this and were doing our best to fix it. This means it can be viewed across multiple devices, regardless of the underlying operating system. Abstract the niger delta region of nigeria contributes more than 95 percent of the countrys export incomes and generates more than 40 percent of the nigerian gross domestic product gdp and 85 percent of the nations total revenue karl and gray, 2003, p. The devastation wreaked on the environment by the oil. Oil conflict and accumulation politics in nigeria i. Bani river, a tributary of the niger, due to declining rainfall and increased evaporation. Federal agencies do not publish personal financial assistance opportunities on grants. Mar 01, 2011 an interplay of three significant factors currently contributes to conditions that are fueling the conflict. The niger delta region is richly endowed with natural resources with oil and gas accounting for over 85% of the national gross domestic product gdp, over. The author notes the impact of the violence on energy infrastructure and brings to the fore how the violence endangers energy security.
Analysis of communitydriven development in nigerias niger. The niger delta is home to about 140 different ethnic groups in the nine states included in a broader definition of the region. Thus far, a major concern is that the amnesty program will fail because it was not preceded by. Insurgency and national security challenges in nigeria. Html5 allows you to force the visitors web browser to download files, such as. Pdf is a hugely popular format for documents simply because it is independent of the hardware or application used to create that file. The proceeds from oil theft are used to buy weapons and ammunition, helping to sustain the armed groups that are fighting the federal government. In this article, we examine the main causes reasons for of the conflict in the niger delta region that has remained impoverished despite the regions huge contributions to the nigerian economy for more than five decades. Since a couple days i cannot download pdfs anymore. Small arms, armed violence, and insecurity in nigeria. A pdf portable document format is a widely popular type of document format created by adobe. Sustainable agricultural production in degraded oil. Analysis of communitydriven development in nigerias.
The niger delta is the major crude oil endowed region in nigeria. The media and niger delta conflict the linkage between resource and conflict is exemplified in the niger delta region of nigeria. Adobe systems is a software manufacturer that has created many document and multimedia editing programs. Conflict is prevalent everywhere and in every facet of life the world over, in many different countries. Understanding the political economy of conflict in niger. Nigeria with its 140 million inhabitants is the most populous country in africa. Download 0 niger delta weekly update april 04 10 2021 april 8, 2021 3. Niger delta province, nigeria, cameroon, and equatorial guinea, africa by michele l. Understanding the armed groups of the niger delta final.
The niger delta is currently in the vortex of protracted social conflict, as crisis of regime legitimacy, political ostracism and social marginalization fuel armed rebellion with incalculable consequences for the stability of the nigerian state. Blood oil, ethnicity, and conflict in the niger delta. For most people of the delta, progress and hope, much less prosperity, remain out of reach, the report states. Niger delta quarterly onflict trends fund for peace.
Searching for a specific type of document on the internet is sometimes like looking for a needle in a haystack. The region is richly endowed with crude oil deposit both onshore and offshore. The conflict in the niger delta was triggered by a number of factors. The egbesu consists of various organizations and groups, the leaders of which form the supreme egbesu assembly sea cdcms 2003, 45. The objectives of this study were to investigate the predictors of womens attitudes toward intimate partner violence in the niger delta in comparison to that of women in other parts of nigeria. Figurative sculptures of the niger river delta written by anonim, published by anonim which was released on 09 april 1976. Niger delta quarterly onflict trends january to march 2018 there has been a decrease in conflict risk and lethal violence in the niger delta since q4 2017, and the trend continues in q1 2018 see page 2. The sale of stolen oil from the niger delta has had the same pernicious influence on that regions conflict as diamonds did in the wars in angola and sierra leone. I paid for a pro membership specifically to enable this feature. It follows onandoff conflict in the christiandominated southern niger delta in the preceding years, as well as an insurgency in the muslim dominated northeast. Causes and cures of oilrelated niger delta conflicts. A pdf file is a portable document format file, developed by adobe systems.
The presence of oil has made it susceptible to conflicts, which attracted the attention of the print media. Niger delta quarterly conflict trends july to september 2016 sustainable peace and security remains a key challenge in the niger delta region. Major causes of the nigerdelta conflict research cyber. While nigerian officials opt to buy shortterm ceasefires, such as the 2009 amnesty process, other governments spend too little in money and manpower to grow local civil. For more information about personal financial assistance benefits, please visit benefits. Water stress has led to internal migration and conflict between farmers and pastoralists. Although initially the conflict was over land, fishing rights and cultural differences, oil has. Human development report human development reports. Download figurative sculptures of the niger river delta. The 2016 niger delta conflict is an ongoing conflict around the niger delta region of nigeria in a bid for the secession of the region, which was a part of the breakaway state of biafra.
The history and ramifications of the oil conflict in nigeria, as well as its consequences for statesociety relations, the niger delta ecosystem. A key factor repeatedly cited in the literature is that conflict is linked to oil being exploited in the region. The proceeds from oil theft are used to buy weapons and ammunition, helping to sustain the. It occupies a total land area of 75,000 square kilometers and is the worlds third largest wetlands. An oversized pdf file can be hard to send through email and may not upload onto certain file managers. Today, the niger delta conflict is seen as the result of a complex combination of injustice, greed, marginalization, right denials, political repression and the demand for social equity and justice. This article explains what pdfs are, how to open one, all the different ways. While such extremism can be observed in many different states worldwide, nigeria presents a particularly interesting case. Understanding the political economy of conflict in niger delta, nigeria submitted by. The c ountry was under the british colonial rule and gained its independence in 1960. This edition of the weekly update highlights insurgency and counterinsurgent violence in the niger delta with a focus on criminal insurgency in imo state. Oben1 well 6,000 12,000 14,000 11,000 n 14,000 5 port. The 2006 nigerian population census shows that 30 million out of the countrys 140 million. An attempt will be made in this paper to analyse the multilevel conflict in the niger delta region, with a view to identifying the parties involved, the nature of their involvement, the fundamental issues of the conflict, and the objective conditions in the niger delta that help to sustain the conflict.
Once youve done it, youll be able to easily send the logos you create to clients, make them available for download, or attach them to emails in a fo. Armed groups, guns, and human security in the ecowas region, edited by nicolas florquin and eric g. Mend movement for the emancipation of the niger delta nape nigeria alliance for peaceful elections nddc niger delta development commission ndpvf niger delta peoples volunteer force ndsf niger delta strike force ndvs niger delta vigilante services ngn naira national currency of nigeria usd 1 ngn 125 opc oodua peoples congress. Doctoral thesis conflict and development in nigeria. Introduction the niger delta, in southern nigeria, is a paradox, rich in resources but poor and racked by insecurity. The reoccurrence of militant violence in nigerias niger delta shows that pap has not been able to achieve sustainable peace or security in the niger delta. Niger delta weekly conflict update for april 04 10, 2021. Making a pdf file of a logo is surprisingly easy and is essential for most web designers. Since the discovery of oil in 1956, the niger delta has been entrapped in environmental degradation as a result of oil mining, spurring a wide range of developmental challenges. All i get is a blank dark gray window on the new tab that a. Luckily, there are lots of free and paid tools that can compress a pdf file in just a few easy steps. Instructables is experiencing technical difficulties. Geography, people, and history central malis peoples and history have been.
Their many years of interaction with the local communities have impacted on the latter in various ways including the depletion of their flora and fauna, and the general environmental degradation with gas flaring and oil spills. Based on this comparison, i argue that the conflict in mopti region risks becoming a blueprint for jihadism and terrorism that is highly transferable to other conflict zones in the coming years. The quality of the reservoirs in the zfield niger delta is moderate to good and in some distal reservoirs, they are excellent. Incidents and fatalities, niger delta conflict incidents, lga level quarterly, 20162016 conflict incidents, state level per capita, 2016 jan mar per capita, 2016 janmar m o ia r o o a a s r. According to the niger delta human development report, the prevailing situation not only explains the increasing waves of restiveness in the region, it also presages a grim future for the region and the country.
Delta avengers nda and the niger delta greenland justice movement ndgjm. Assessment of undiscovered petroleum in the tertiary niger delta akataagbada petroleum system no. It follows onandoff conflict in the christiandominated southern niger delta in the preceding years, as well as an insurgency in the muslimdominated northeast. Download figurative sculptures of the niger river delta books now. The zone spans four main ecological zones coastal barrier islands, mangroves, fresh water swamp forests. Yet, while injustice and greed may set off conflicts in rich natural resource countries, these factors do. An analytical evaluation of the cost of the conflict in. Though vastly different in character, two ongoing conflicts in nigeria, the boko haram insurgency and the niger delta conflict, can both be considered responses to certain aspects of globalization. Conflict in the niger delta more than a local affair summary neither nigeria nor foreign donors are investing enough to end violent conflict in the niger delta. The niger delta includes the states of abia, akwa ibom, bayelsa, cross river, delta, edo, imo, ondo and rivers. The niger delta development commission nddc was established in 2000 by president olusegun obasanjo with the sole mandate of developing the petroleumrich niger delta region of southern nigeria.
Karan sachdeva school of development studies ambedkar university delhi kashmere gate, executive summary the main aim of the paper is to explore, examine and asses the decades with special reference to the conflict in niger delta. This research examined the nexus between the environment, conflict and security in the niger delta region of nigeria as well as the factors that led to the conflict. Unfortunately, violent conflict between local communities and oil companies in the niger delta is not new, dating back to the early1990s. Equitorial guinea represents 5 areal % of the total assessment unit oil in oil fields.
364 562 133 210 561 1516 354 370 1448 507 804 24 905 837 1301 1001 108 1086 1117 785 926 1324 619 1045 823 1176 1365 1317 438 166 51 1063 93 1515 94 1310